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Through transmission thermography- A review of the state-of-the-art
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) covers a wide range of testing methods in which a component can be inspected without affecting its functionality. Infrared thermography is an NDT technique that has gained rapid popularity in recent years for structural integrity assessment, especially in the aerospace and oil gas industries. Pulsed thermography, a subset of IR thermography is one of the active thermography techniques that uses flash lamps to thermally excite the specimen under observation. Thermal measurements can be taken in the reflection, or the transmission mode based on the positioning of the IR Camera and the flash lamps with respect to the specimen. Currently, estimating the defect depth using IR thermography remains a challenge as the reflection mode cannot accurately characterise defects that are deeper than 3mm. A major advantage of the throughtransmission technique lies in its ability to detect defects that are deeper than the 3mm depth with higher levels of precision and accuracy. This makes through-transmission a suitable candidate for measuring defect depths using IR thermography. However, unlike the reflection mode, through-transmission has a limited number of image post-processing algorithms for defect detection and characterisation. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the development of through-transmission thermography together with the technique’s know-how and limitations currently available in the scientific committee.
Multistep prediction of dynamic uncertainty under limited data
Engineering systems are growing in complexity, requiring increasingly intelligent and flexible methods to account for and predict uncertainties in service. This paper presents a framework for dynamic uncertainty prediction under limited data (UPLD). Spatial geometry is incorporated with LSTM networks to enable real-time multistep prediction of quantitative and qualitative uncertainty over time. Validation is achieved through two case studies. Results demonstrate robust prediction of trends in limited and dynamic uncertainty data with parallel determination of geometric symmetry at each time unit. Future work is recommended to explore alternative network architectures suited to limited data scenarios.
EEG recordings as biomarkers of pain perception: where do we stand and where to go?
The universality and complexity of pain, which is highly prevalent, yield its significance to both patients and researchers. Developing a non-invasive tool that can objectively measure pain is of the utmost importance for clinical and research purposes. Traditionally electroencephalography (EEG) has been mostly used in epilepsy; however, over the recent years EEG has become an important non-invasive clinical tool that has helped increase our understanding of brain network complexities and for the identification of areas of dysfunction. This review aimed to investigate the role of EEG recordings as potential biomarkers of pain perception.